Arts and Culture

“Spring” – A Shakespearean Sonnet

by Meru S.

When snowdrops burst forth from the sodden ground

And grass grows soft and green to soothe sore feet,

Then songbirds let their lilting tunes float ’round

And blossoms bloom with fragrance oh, so sweet.

Then warm zephyrs bring hues of bright sapphire

To paint the somber skies aglow and clear,

And streams flow free, their sounds a distant lyre

To ease the rough, stiff banks of aged wear.

Yet, as the days pass by, the sky lours,

Remembering, ruminating upon

Those dreary spells of leaden, sunless hours,

Of bitter day and misty, weeping dawn.

But golden joy fails not to reappear,

Arousing souls, for each to her is dear.

~~~~~~~~~~~~

A Note on Shakespearean Sonnets 

Shakespearean sonnets consist of two quatrains (a verse of four lines) praising the subject. A third quatrain follows, portraying a different perspective, and the poem concludes with a couplet (a verse of two lines) displaying the poet’s final thought on the subject. These sonnets are composed in iambic tetrameter—five feet per line, each containing one unstressed syllable and one accented syllable, and have a rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg. Every other line of each quatrain rhymes and so do the two lines of the couplet.

Arts and Culture, Science

Concorde: A Pinnacle of Air Travel

By Hudson Ebach

The Concorde was a supersonic jet airliner, manufactured by Aérospatiale, British Aircraft Corporation, Sud Aviation, and British Aerospace. It was made in 1976 and was retired in 2003.

About The Concorde.

The Concorde went speeds up to Mach 2 (over 1500 MPH), making it the fastest airliner to have ever been built. It was so fast that if you left London in the afternoon and flew to New York, the passengers would see the sun rising again! It flew faster than the earth’s rotation!

The engines, Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593 (Thanks google!) were turbojet engines. These engines (turbojet type) would eject a high energy gas stream from the engines exhaust nozzle. They were placed on the back of the Concorde’s wings.

Image from Heritage Concorde

The Concorde’s wings were different from the ones you would see today. Most airliner wings don’t connect through the whole fuselage, however “…the Concorde’s wings were triangular. And there was no space between the fuselage and the wing of the Concorde as there was in a standard passenger airliner. The Concorde’s wing was called a ‘delta-wing’ design and did the following: Reduces drag by being thin and swept back (55 degrees with the fuselage) [and] provides sufficient lift for takeoff and landing at subsonic speeds.” (courtesy of HowStuffWorks). So, just like any other plane, while unique, the Delta Wings were an important part of the Concorde.

Image courtesy of PBS

Another thing that made the Concorde unique was its landing gear. The landing gear was standard, similar to other airliners which only have three landing gear parts that come down. However, on the Concorde, there were four separate parts, two on the side, one on the front,  and one on the tail. The reason for the “Bumper” landing gear was because the Concorde landed at an 11-degree angle, caused by the Delta Wings.

Image from Concorde SST

With the Concorde landing at an 11-degree angle, the pilots couldn’t see the runway while taking off and landing. To fix this issue, the nose of the Concorde would move down at a 5-degree angle during takeoff and a 12.5-degree angle while landing. This movable nose (Called the Droop Snoot) was one of the most well-known things about the Concorde. The Droop Snoot is one of the things that make Concorde one of the most well-known airliners today.

Image from hooperquinn.com/concorde

The Downfall of the Concorde.

Remember how I said, “the Concorde went to speeds up to Mach 2.”? Well, a plane that goes Mach 2 is expensive. Not that expensive, only about ONE BILLION DOLLARS. A standard A320 Is only about $10,000,000. But not this beast, you could probably fill a whole Olympic swimming pool full of Peanut Butter with One Billion Dollars. Maybe 2 pools. But the big whammy was a thing that would guarantee it shutting down.

The End of the Concorde (and Hôtelissimo Les Relais Bleus)

It’s July 25, 2000 and Air France flight 4590 is about to taxi onto Runway 26 from Paris Charles de Gaulle airport. Just before that, a Continental jet had just taken off or landed, and during that process it lost a titanium alloy strip, leaving it on the tarmac. Flight 4590 lined up on the runway with 2645.55 pounds of taxi fuel left, which was supposed to be burned off before takeoff. At this point, there were lots of red flags but ATC gave Flight 4590 the clearance for takeoff and started taking off. Everything was going fine, until one of the Concorde’s tires ran over the titanium alloy strip. The tire then exploded, shooting a piece of rubber into a fuel tank. Unfortunately at this point the leftover taxi fuel exploded in a fiery mess. The landing gear got stuck and being past the takeoff bail mark, the pilots had to take off with a fireball on the rear of the plane.

Image from Google images, believed to have been licensed to the Associated Press

So, at this point the flight is in bad shape and unfortunately it is going to get worse. Flight 4590 then tried to get to a high enough altitude to land the plane. They only got so high and then started descending, right into Hôtelissimo Les Relais Bleus. 103 people died in the plane. Four died in the hotel. This was a major cause of the downfall of the Concorde.

The Concorde had its last flight on November 26, 2003.

Should they bring back the Concorde?

In my opinion as an Avgeek, yes. But as a person who thinks “normally”, no.

The Concorde cost way too much and was a ticking time bomb. Any plane that needs a nose that moves to see the runway seems like a bad idea.

With that said, the Concorde was just a glimpse of what aviation is. Just to show what humans can do. In closing, I, Hudson, want to state, bring it back! We can make it safer and better! 

Arts and Culture

An Opinion of BeamNG.Drive – A Website turned into a Game

by Hudson Ebach

BeamNG.Drive is the best driving game I have ever played in my 7 years of playing games.  It is my go-to car game for many different reasons that I will talk about here.

I first found out about BeamNG.Drive when I was just 4 years old and came across a YouTuber playing the game. He was smashing cars and doing police chases with the AI.  At that moment, watching him playing it, I felt a spark.  Like a voice telling me, “Yeah, you need this game.”  Fast forward to a couple of years later and I had it to enjoy myself!

The game was originally a website that you would visit and could drive a truck in a Gridmap (that is simply the name of the map).  The developers posted their first video on YouTube showing their website. It was HUGE.  Everyone was so impressed by the realistic Soft Body and driving physics of a website.  Eventually, BeamNG.Drive started to make some big changes, including adding cars, maps and more.  This was exciting for the community of players.  Next, it became a downloadable game you could purchase.

The game play for BeamNG.Drive is unique to other car games that I have played and is one of many reasons why it is my favorite.  The first time playing the game it might seem like a standard sandbox style car game.  You spawn into a world, and you see a simple truck.  Well, the truck itself is more complicated than you would think.  Inside the truck is a bunch of J Beam Nodes (Nodes are masspoints and the core of the BeamNG physics, according to their website) that make the truck act like a standard truck would.  The truck has a normal interior: seat, steering wheel, pedals, etc.  The only thing missing is a driver which makes smashing into the side of a building safer and more fun.  Also, it is not just one truck you can drive; what makes BeamNG.drive so enjoyable is a wide selection of cars, trucks, trailers and many variations of these vehicles.

Along with the vehicle options, maps are another part of BeamNG.drive that makes it special.  West Coast USA is a city map based on California cities and highways, just to give one example. Their map files are smaller, so it runs smoothly while playing.

The AI is a standout feature of the game that helps make it feel immersive.  You can feel as if you are actually chasing a Gravil-H series (one of many car options) with a Police Package Gravil Grand Marshal.  The AI continues to enhance the game experience, if you are getting bored driving by yourself.  There are multiple ways to use AI and bust that boredom!

As if that is not enough, there are mods.  The mods are a big part of the BeamNG.Drive community.  Mods can include cars, maps, accessories, and much more.  It keeps the game exciting with new features.

BeamNG.drive is the perfect way to experience a car game with good crash physics which is unlike other racing games.  The work that the developers put into making this game, along with mods from the community of players, is so impressive and fun.  I highly recommend BeamNG.Drive to anyone interested in car games or gaming in general.

Arts and Culture

The Hidden Meanings of Howl’s Moving Castle

by Lydia I. Martinov

Howl’s Moving Castle is a book by Diana Wynn Jones, which was turned into an animated movie by Studio Ghibli. It has many philosophical sub-themes, and hidden meanings. It is not your average kids movie. When you first watch this masterpiece, you will probably find it unusual, strange, or even insane. Nobody knows exactly what the author of the book, Diana Wynn Jones, or the director of the movie, Hayao Miyazaki, were going for with these hidden meanings, but many have come up with some very interesting theories. 

The Castle:

A popular theory about the castle is that it symbolizes Howl’s unwillingness to settle down. It’s a bit strange, but the castle and Howl are kind of the same. It is powerful, but it appears to be disorganized and on the verge of falling apart, a lot like how Howl is crushed by the weight of his burdens, and can collapse at any moment. The state of the castle changes near the end of the movie, and stabilizes, mirroring Howl’s change.

The Curse:

In the beginning, Sophie is a young girl working all day, not having fun like other girls her age, and overall acting like an old lady. Because she is the eldest of three, she feels the need to work all day, and every day in her father’s hat shop, and one day take over. She has no life outside of the shop. When she was put under the spell, she didn’t fight it. She just accepted it. I believe that the curse reflected the age of her soul. The more she fell in love, and felt young, the younger she became. In other words, the curse is a metaphor to how Sophie feels on the inside. Whenever she would feel confident and passionate, you could see a glimpse of her youth. That’s why her age kept changing throughout the movie. In the beginning, she enjoyed a quieter, slower life. It was only after she became an old woman that she realized that life is too precious to waste.

Sophie’s Hair:

Why did Sophie’s hair remain grey? A common theory is that the curse never truly went away. Maybe a hint of the magic from the curse made it the color of “starlight”.  On the other hand, it could represent her life experience. Maybe the wisdom that she gained on her journey caused the grey in her hair to remain. Her entire personality did not change. Just her experiences.

Time Travel:

Sophie went back in time and saw young Howl and Calcifer. She said “Find me in the future”. Howl, as a child, remembered and began a journey to find her. He recalled her as the most beautiful girl in the world. In order to find her, he began searching, and decided that he had to look “beautiful” himself in order to seduce beautiful girls so he could eventually find Sophie. This is why he was so sad during his hair crisis. He thought he was not attractive enough for his questionable methods. Furthermore, he seduced the Witch of the Waste because he thought she was beautiful, but left her when he found out she used spells to keep herself looking pretty. 

Howl’s Curse:

Howl’s curse was the contract he made when he traded his heart to Calcifer so he could gain power. Without a heart, he slowly becomes emotionless and inhumane. Sophie was the only one who could break the curse, which is what happened after he fell in love with her. Since Calcifer is technically Howl’s heart, when Sophie came into the castle it was as if Howl was letting her into his heart. Also, many rumors stated that Howl “ate” women’s hearts. In reality, he didn’t “eat” them. He broke them.

If you haven’t already read the book (or seen the movie), it is highly recommended that you do. Prepare yourself for the adventure of a lifetime as you travel with Sophie Hatter to a moving castle with a handsome wizard, and a “scary”, powerful fire demon.

Courtesy of Screen Rant
Arts and Culture, Student Life

As We Walk Through the Woods – A Poem

As we walk through the woods,
we try with all our might
to make memory of this beautiful night.
For we stand under the stars of the sky.
We talk til day has come,
and sun has risen.
As we walk through the woods,
I can’t help but grieve.
For it is a time of sorrow,
a time of loss,
a time of death,
a time to mourn with what’s left.
But the war is over,
the war is won.
We have battled the last battle
and we have won!
Peace has fallen, ground is regained.
Plants regrown,
buildings rebuilt,
as we walk through the woods

By guest author Jonathan David

Arts and Culture, Home

Mark Watney’s Journey Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

by Lucas David

The book, The Martian, by Andy Weir, is packed with many kinds of science, but psychology is one of the less explored sciences of the book. However, though the author does not emphasize psychological processing as a theme, it is clear that he did put time into thinking of the psychological aspects of the book. One example of this is how the protagonist, Mark Watney, behaves as he traverses Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. 

For those unfamiliar with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, it is an idea proposed by Maslow of the five levels of human needs that humans usually pursue in order. Near the bottom of the hierarchy, so the first in the order, are physiological needs, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep, followed by safety needs, like employment, health, and property. Next are emotional needs, such as friendship, family, intimacy, and a sense of belonging. The last two levels are esteem, meaning respect, freedom, and accomplishment; and self actualization, which is the desire to reach one’s full potential in life.

Before the storm comes and Watney is struck by the satellite dish, he is attempting to achieve historical and scientific accomplishment. The moment that he wakes up after he was struck by the satellite dish, the first things he thinks about are his physiological and security needs. Once he is back inside the shelter with access to oxygen and has treated his wound, he then begins thinking about food and water. 

Watney spends a great deal of his time focused on attaining food and water. Once he has figured that out, we see him psychologically begin to move back up the pyramid of needs in his desire to reach out to humanity. While technically he needs people to maintain his physiological needs, we also see that he has moved up a rung on the hierarchy of needs in that he is motivated to be in contact with other humans and to be reunited with his family. 

Near the end of the book, I believe that Mark Watney begins demonstrating signs of desiring accomplishment and fulfillment, even though his focus is on returning to his family and staying alive. We are seeing hints of him wanting to accomplish something significant and memorable, even though he hasn’t yet completely returned to safety. Despite the possibility of him not surviving the journey home, he is still wanting to connect with and reassure his loved ones. We see this with the note that he leaves for his family via a colleague. 

Immediately after his space launch home, he ends up floating through space, trying to stay alive again. It seems that just as he was finally returning to his peak psychological status, he has dropped all the way back to the bottom of the hierarchy again, as he desperately fights to stay alive. 

Overall, Mark Watney experiences a psychological roller coaster ride throughout his extended stay on Mars that reflects Maslow’s established Hierarchy of Needs.

Arts and Culture, News, Student Life

An Interview With Author Millie Florence

by Meru S.

Millie Florence is the author of three middle-grade novels including Honey Butter, which she wrote and self-published at the age of thirteen.

Honey Butter is a simple yet vividly descriptive tale of joy and sorrow, lightheartedness and contemplation, anger and love. The storyline follows Jamie Johnson, a young girl with a passion for collecting paint cards, and her friend Laren Lark, who, at nearly thirteen, is several years older than Jamie. 

As I read this book, I did not notice a completely perceivable plot. Instead, I felt as though I had entered the lives of the characters and was observing the typical events of their days. Nevertheless, I was gently gripped by the book without the need for dramatic occurrences or twisted mysteries. 

Other novels by Millie Florence are Beyond Mulberry Glen, which will be released in early 2025 from Waxwings Books, and The Banter of Ashton Harper, published in 2023. 

Having read Honey Butter, I decided to interview the author of this book. I had heard that she was homeschooled, as am I, a fact that inspired me to email her with a few questions. 

What was your inspiration to write Honey Butter?

I got the idea for my first book, Honey Butter, while waiting for my parents in a paint store. Somewhat bored, I began reading the names of the paint cards.

Vivid jungle, cherry soda, bubble bath.

I was amazed how, with only two or three words, the titles painted a picture in my mind. I began to take the cards home with me until I had a small collection sitting on the edge of my bookshelf. Then I asked the first question:

“What if I wrote about a person who was obsessed with collecting paint cards?”

From this question, the character of Jamie Johnson began to take shape, and the story of Honey Butter slowly formed around her.

That’s how my ideas usually come about–a small spark of interest followed by a lot of questions. I find those sparks in paintings, overheard conversations, nature, history, the dictionary, antique shops, or a door-knocker on a house in Oxford that was shaped like a dragonfly.

I notice the world. I look carefully and pay attention to the things that interest me. Then I ask questions about them. A story is born from curiosity and good questions.

In Honey Butter, the protagonist, Jamie, has a hobby of collecting paint cards. Was that something you enjoyed doing when you were working on the book?

Yes! My collection got large enough that I kept it all in a shoebox, just like Jamie! The brand of the shoebox was “Piper”, and one day, while trying to think of a name for Erica’s friend, I looked over at the shoebox, which had “Piper” written across the top in big, pink letters, and I thought “That’s perfect!” 

Since the book has been published, people will often give me paint cards as gifts at author events. At one school visit a class gave me a box full of paint cards that they had all written on–thanking me for coming and telling me their favorite parts of the book. To this day it’s one of my favorite reader gifts.

After an idea for a storyline comes to you, what is the first step you take to begin writing a draft?

My writing process has changed slightly with every book. It’s always growing and evolving. I used to jump in headfirst as soon as I got an idea and write my first drafts without an outline. I felt as though outlines held me back and made my writing feel more unnatural. However, more recently I’ve discovered an outlining method that works well for me, developed by K. M. Weiland. It involves stream-of-consciousness journaling about your story idea, which I love, because it allows me the messy creative freedom I need, without requiring the massive structural rewrites to fix it later. I outlined the entire story of my current work in progress before I wrote a word of it, and it went very well!

So these days, the first step I take is to scribble down everything I know about the story so far, whether that’s a few disjointed scene ideas, a bit of funny dialogue, what I want the theme to be, or a long list of paint card names!

Do you have any techniques for overcoming writer’s block?

First of all, I don’t think writer’s block is as common as we writers would like to pretend. Much of the time, I think we can cry writer’s block when in reality we feel unmotivated or uninspired.

The trouble is, if I only ever wrote when I happened to feel inspired, I would write maybe five days a year.

Sometimes you need to take a break, especially when you’re tired or you’re genuinely not sure how to proceed with the story.

But a lot of the time, you won’t feel inspired until you actually start writing. There have been many, many days when I sat down to write, completely uninspired. But once I started writing, after about half an hour, suddenly I was excited about the project again. I started getting new ideas and really enjoying myself.

So what do I do when I feel uninspired? I write anyway. The act of writing in and of itself can be an inspiration.

That said, I did have major writer’s block for a year after my second novel came out. It sold more books in a month than Honey Butter had sold in a year. That was exciting but also terrifying. Suddenly, I was worried. None of my new ideas seemed nearly as good. What if I could never write something better than that? The thought was a bit irrational, looking back, but it’s hard not to get caught up in the emotions of the moment.

I harshly judged everything I came up with, writing drafts, and then discarding them. It was a very difficult time for me creatively. The way I finally found my way out was to stop putting so much pressure on myself and write because I loved it, not because of what other people might think–after all, that was why I started writing to begin with. That experience led me to write The Balter of Ashton Harper, which is all about finding joy in the act of creating.

The word Balter means “To dance artlessly, without particular grace or skill but usually with enjoyment.” But it applies to more than just dancing.

To fend off writer’s block, try to write artlessly, without particular grace or skill but usually with enjoyment.

When you publish a book, how do you celebrate?

Privately, the tradition has been to have a tea party with my family and friends! It’s no secret that I love tea, and baking, so I love to combine the two while spending time with the people I care about. Usually my family also buys me flowers.

I also celebrate with my readers all throughout the release with author events, live streams, giveaways… In many ways all the marketing I do for a release is just celebration!

I’ll be celebrating the release of my newest book, Beyond Mulberry Glen, on January 7th 2025. It’s already available for preorder, which means you can reserve a copy, along with some awesome pre-order goodies, inducing a signed bookplate. You can find out more on my website: millieflorence.com

Arts and Culture, Stories

Za’atar Bread – An award-winning short story

by Aleena Haimor

I miss peace. And I’ll never stop saying that, no matter what anyone says.

I miss laying in the sun on the weekends when we went to Beirut to cool off in the
Mediterranean sea. I miss eating chicken shawarma at the restaurant next to the beach, eating and laughing. I miss my old life. But I don’t think that it will ever be the same. Not in my lifetime.
Immi, my mother, comes in and sits on my bed. Ever since the war broke out in my small
village in Lubnan, or Lebanon, we’ve been scared to death. The fact that we’ve lost Bayi, my
father, and Basma, my older and only sister, doesn’t help. It’s been two years of pain and
hardship for me and Immi. We’ve suffered alone.
“Are you ok, Danya, habibti?” Immi asks, jerking me out of my thoughts. I nod slowly
and swallow the lump rising in my throat.
“Yeah, I’m fine,” I say softly. It’s been just the two of us for so long; we’ve gotten to
know each other better than ever. My mother looks at me, unconvinced. I knew she would see
through the lie.
“Are you sure?”
“Yes.”
Immi shakes her head and kisses mine. I wrap my arms around her. We sit there for a
while, embracing, both of us wishing in our heads that we could live in a place where bombs
don’t fall. A place where no one ever fought. A place where we could be free. But we also don’t want to leave our home. If we die, we will be martyrs. Immi knows that. I know that. My father
and sister knew that. Lubnan is our country and no one can make us leave.
Immi sighs. “I was thinking that we could plant an olive tree to show that we are proud to
be the daughters of Lubnan. That we aren’t afraid.”
I shake my head. Immi knows that all we ever do is cower in fear and dread, although we
both try to contradict ourselves by saying that we’re not afraid. It never works. We always end
up even more scared when we hear another bomb falling on neighboring villages.
“Come on, let’s make something. Maybe it will help us feel better.”
I know Immi won’t give up on trying to help me, so I nod. We both get up and walk
across the hall to our kitchen. It’s a classic Lubnani style, with stone walls and wooden counters.
I see a container of za’atar spice on the counter, and I know what we should make.
“Can we make za’atar bread?”
“Sure,” Immi smiles. She grabs our saj, a dome-shaped pan used for pita and za’atar
bread, and places it dome-side-up on one of the stoves, turning the heat on as well as drizzling
olive oil across it so that the bread won’t stick. I grab flour, salt, sugar, yeast, corn oil and of
course, more olive oil for the dough. I place them all on the counter, then go grab the za’atar. I
also put a pot of water on the free stove and warm it.
Immi has started mixing all of the ingredients together in a big metal bowl, plus the warm
water I brought. She leaves the za’atar on the counter and doesn’t add it yet. She uses her hands
to knead and combine all of the ingredients in the classic Arab fashion. I add two cups of za’atar
into the dough.
“Can I try kneading?”
“Yes.”

Immi takes her sticky hands out of the bowl and goes to wash them. I put mine in and
squish the goop between my fingers. The soft dough makes me squirm for a second, but also
feels kind of nice on my hands. I incorporate the za’atar in, making sure it’s evenly combined.
Slowly, the dough becomes more and more tacky and I know it’s done.
“Immi! I’m finished!”
Immi comes back and I take a ball of dough in my hands. I roll the ball in between my
hands and throw it up in the air, just like I saw Immi and Basma do the million times they have
made za’atar bread. My throw is misplaced and I barely catch the dough before it falls on
the cold granite floor.
“Maybe I should throw it?”
“Good idea.”
Immi laughs and takes the dough out of my hands. She tosses and tosses it and tosses it
some more until it’s a big, flat circle. She drapes it onto the saj. A wonderful aroma fills the room
as Immi flips the bread. The sizzles coming from the saj make my mouth water.
Immi flips it again, this time onto a plate. I go to the fridge, realizing we still have extra
labneh, or yogurt, from last night. We always make anything that needs to be kept cold in small
batches since the power could go out at any time, spoiling the food in the fridge. I’m surprised
we have any labneh left, but we do. I grab the labneh and set it on the dining room table.
Immi has cut the za’atar into triangles and sets it on the table. We each take a piece,
scoop up some labneh with it, and take a bite.
The sour/savory bread instantly transports me to the time Basma and I were making it
together. Bayi and Immi were watching the news, back when we had a TV, and Basma wanted to
do something. I still remember laughing as she kneaded and fried the bread. I would run back and forth for ingredients. The bread was lumpy and ugly when we finished, but turned out to be
the best-tasting batch that we’ve ever made.
The memory makes me smile. I miss Basma and Bayi, but I’ve got to be strong. It turns
out that food can go a long way in helping you forget your worries. Back then, I had Basma to
make it with me most of the time. Now, Mama does. Back then, I had Bayi to plant with my
plants (I enjoy gardening just like he did). Now, I know that Mama and I will plant that olive
tree.

We will defy.

And it’s all because of the memory that came with the bread and the labneh. I smile at my
mom. I feel so much better now. Not completely, but close enough.

Who knew that za’atar could be so…healing?